Dukoresha kuki kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, nko gukomeza kwizerwa numutekano wurubuga rwa FT, kumenyekanisha ibirimo no kwamamaza, gutanga ibiranga imbuga nkoranyambaga, no gusesengura uburyo urubuga rwacu rukoreshwa.
Kimwe na benshi, Gary Sharkey yakurikiranye ibyagezweho mu Burusiya bwateye muri Ukraine.Ariko inyungu ze ntizigarukira ku bantu ku giti cyabo: Nk’umuyobozi ushinzwe kugura muri Hovis, umwe mu batekera imigati minini mu Bwongereza, Sharkey ashinzwe gushakisha ibintu byose kuva ku ngano kugeza ku mugati kugeza ibyuma byimashini.
Uburusiya na Ukraine byombi byohereza mu mahanga ingano, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ubucuruzi bw’ingano ku isi hagati yabo. Kuri Hovis, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingano ryatewe n’igitero ndetse n’ibihano byakurikiyeho Uburusiya byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi bwacyo.
Sharkey yagize ati: "Ukraine n'Uburusiya - urujya n'uruza rw'ibinyampeke ruva mu nyanja Yirabura ni ingenzi cyane ku masoko y'isi."
Ntabwo ari ibinyampeke gusa. Sharkey yerekanye kandi ko izamuka ry’ibiciro bya aluminiyumu.Ibiciro by’icyuma cyoroheje gikoreshwa muri byose kuva ku modoka kugeza byeri ndetse n’amabati y’imigati biri mu nzira yo kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru y’amadolari arenga 3,475 kuri toni - igice kigaragaza ko Uburusiya ari icya kabiri kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
“Byose birahagaze.Hariho ingaruka nyinshi za politiki ku bicuruzwa byinshi, "ibi bikaba byavuzwe n'umuyobozi w'imyaka 55, avuga ko ibiciro by'ingano byazamutseho 51% mu myaka 12 ishize kandi ibiciro bya gaze byinshi mu Burayi byazamutse hafi 600% .ukwezi.
Igitero cya Ukraine cyateye igicucu ku nganda z’ibicuruzwa, kuko cyanatumye bidashoboka kwirengagiza imirongo y’amakosa ya geopolitike anyura ku masoko menshi y’ibikoresho fatizo.
Ingaruka za politiki ziragenda ziyongera. Amakimbirane ubwayo n’ibihano byafatiwe Uburusiya byangiza byinshi ku masoko menshi, cyane cyane ingano.Ibiciro by’ingufu bizamuka bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku yandi masoko y’ibicuruzwa, harimo n’igiciro cy’ifumbire ikoreshwa n’abahinzi.
Hejuru y'ibyo, abacuruzi b'ibicuruzwa n'abashinzwe kugura bahangayikishijwe cyane n'uburyo ibikoresho byinshi fatizo byakoreshwa nk'intwaro za politiki z’ububanyi n’amahanga - cyane cyane niba iterambere ry’intambara nshya y'ubutita ritandukanya Uburusiya, ndetse n'Ubushinwa, na Amerika. .Iburengerazuba.
Hafi yimyaka mirongo itatu ishize, inganda zibicuruzwa nimwe murugero rwamamaye cyane kwisi yose, bituma habaho ubutunzi bukomeye kumasosiyete yubucuruzi ahuza abaguzi n’abagurisha ibikoresho bibisi.
Ijanisha ry'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose biva mu Burusiya na Ukraine. Amatara ya neon ni ibicuruzwa biva mu gukora ibyuma kandi ni ibikoresho by'ibanze byo gukora chip. Igihe Uburusiya bwinjiraga mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine mu 2014, igiciro cy'amatara ya neon cyazamutseho 600%, bituma guhungabana mu nganda ziciriritse
Mu gihe imishinga myinshi ku giti cye nko mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro yamye yiziritse muri politiki, isoko ubwaryo ryubakiye ku cyifuzo cyo gufungura amasoko ku isi. Kugura abayobozi nka Hokey 'Sharkey bahangayikishijwe n'ibiciro, tutibagiwe no kuba dushobora gutanga isoko nyayo. ibikoresho fatizo bakeneye.
Ihinduka ry’imyumvire mu nganda z’ibicuruzwa rimaze imyaka icumi rimaze gushingwa. Mu gihe amakimbirane hagati y’Amerika n’Ubushinwa akomeje kwiyongera, Beijing ifata ku itangwa ry’ubutaka budasanzwe - ibyuma bikoreshwa mu bice byinshi by’inganda - bitera ubwoba ko itangwa ry’ibikoresho fatizo ishobora guhinduka intwaro ya politiki.
Ariko mu myaka ibiri ishize, ibyabaye bibiri bitandukanye byazanye ibitekerezo byinshi.Icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyagaragaje ububi bwo kwishingikiriza ku mubare muto w’ibihugu cyangwa amasosiyete, bigatuma habaho ihungabana rikomeye ry’amasoko.Ubu, kuva ku binyampeke kugeza ingufu kugeza ku byuma , Uburusiya bwateye Ukraine nibutsa uburyo ibihugu bimwe bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu itangwa ry’ibikoresho fatizo bitewe n’imigabane minini y’isoko mu bicuruzwa bikomeye.
Uburusiya ntabwo butanga gaze gasanzwe mu Burayi gusa, ahubwo bwiganje ku isoko ry’ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi byingenzi, birimo peteroli, ingano, aluminium na palladium.
Uwahoze ari umunyamabanga wa Leta wungirije ushinzwe umutungo w'ingufu, Frank Fannon yagize ati: "Ibicuruzwa bimaze igihe bitwaje intwaro… buri gihe byabaye ikibazo cyo kumenya igihe ibihugu bikurura."
Igisubizo mu gihe gito cy’amasosiyete na guverinoma zimwe na zimwe ku ntambara yo muri Ukraine kwabaye ukongera ibarura ry’ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi. Mu gihe kirekire, ibi byatumye inganda zitekereza ku zindi nzira zitangwa kugira ngo zikemure amakimbirane y’ubukungu n’imari ashobora kuba hagati y’Uburusiya n'Uburengerazuba.
Jean-Francois Lambert wahoze ari umunyamabanki akaba n'umujyanama mu bicuruzwa agira inama ibigo by'imari n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi yagize ati: “Biragaragara ko isi yitaye cyane ku bibazo bya [geopolitiki] kuruta uko byari bimeze mu myaka 10 kugeza 15 ishize.”Lambert) ati. "Noneho ni ibijyanye na globalisation.Nibyerekeye gusa urunigi rwiza.Ubu abantu bafite impungenge, dufite ibyo dukora, turabigeraho? ”
Ihungabana ku isoko n’abakora ibicuruzwa bagenzura igice kinini cy’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe ntabwo ari shyashya. Ihungabana rya peteroli ryo mu myaka ya za 70, igihe OPEC yafataga peteroli ya peteroli yohereje ibiciro by’ibiciro byazamutse, bituma ihungabana ry’abatumiza peteroli ku isi.
Kuva icyo gihe, ubucuruzi bwarushijeho kuba isi yose kandi amasoko arahuzwa.Ariko mugihe ibigo na guverinoma bigerageza kugabanya ibiciro byogutanga amasoko, batabishaka barushijeho kwishingikiriza kubakora ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe kuva ku ngano kugeza kuri chipi ya mudasobwa, bigatuma bahura n’ihungabana ritunguranye muri urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa.
Uburusiya bukoresha gaze karemano yohereza mu Burayi, bikazana ubuzima bw'umutungo kamere wakoreshwa nk'intwaro.Uburusiya bugera kuri 40 ku ijana by'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa na gaze mu Burayi.Nyamara, Uburusiya bwohereza mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi bwagabanutseho 20% bugera kuri 25% mu cya kane kimwe cya kane cy'umwaka ushize, nk'uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu kibitangaza, nyuma y’uko sosiyete ya gazi ishyigikiwe na leta Gazprom ifata ingamba zo kubahiriza amasezerano y'igihe kirekire gusa. Komisiyo kandi ntizitanga andi masoko ku isoko.
Kimwe ku ijana bya gaze gasanzwe ku isi ikorerwa mu Burusiya. Igitero cya Ukraine kiributsa uburyo ibihugu bimwe bigira uruhare runini mu itangwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo nka gaze gasanzwe
Muri Mutarama, umuyobozi w'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu, Fatih Birol, yashinje izamuka ry’ibiciro bya gaze kuba Uburusiya bwahagaritse gaze mu Burayi. "Turizera ko hari amakimbirane akomeye ku isoko rya gaze ry’iburayi kubera imyitwarire y’Uburusiya".
Nubwo Ubudage bwahagaritse gahunda yo kwemeza Nord Stream 2 mu cyumweru gishize, tweet y’uwahoze ari perezida w’Uburusiya na visi perezida, Dmitry Medvedev, bamwe babonaga ko ari iterabwoba ryihishe mu karere ko gushingira kuri gaze y’Uburusiya. ”Murakaza neza ku Isi Nshya, aho Abanyaburayi bazishyura vuba amayero 2000 kuri metero kibe 1.000 ya gaze! ”Medvedev ati.
Randolph Bell, umuyobozi ushinzwe ingufu ku isi mu nama ya Atlantike, ikigo cy’ibitekerezo cy’ububanyi n’amahanga muri Amerika yagize ati: "Igihe cyose itangwa ryibanze, hari ingaruka zishobora kwirindwa."Ati: “Biragaragara ko [Uburusiya] bukoresha gaze gasanzwe nk'igikoresho cya politiki.”
Ku basesenguzi, ibihano bitigeze bibaho kuri banki nkuru y’Uburusiya - byatumye igabanuka ry’ifaranga kandi biherekejwe n’itangazwa ry’abanyapolitiki bo mu Burayi bavuga ko “intambara y’ubukungu” - byongereye gusa ibyago ko Uburusiya buzahagarika ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe.
Niba ibyo bibaye, Uburusiya bwiganje mu byuma bimwe na bimwe na gaze nziza bishobora kugira ingaruka ku nzego zinyuranye zitangwa.Iyo sosiyete ya aluminium Rusal yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibigo by’imari nyuma y’ibihano by’Amerika muri 2018, ibiciro byazamutse ku ncuro ya gatatu, byangiza inganda z’imodoka.
Ijanisha rya palladium kwisi ikorerwa muburusiya.Abakora ibicuruzwa bakoresha iyi miti kugirango bakureho ubumara bwangiza
Iki gihugu kandi n’umusemburo ukomeye wa palladium, ukoreshwa n’abakora imodoka mu gukuraho imyuka y’ubumara iva mu mwuka, ndetse na platine, umuringa na nikel kuri bateri y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Uburusiya na Ukraine nabyo ni byo bitanga neon, gaze idafite impumuro nziza ari a byproduct yo gukora ibyuma nibikoresho byingenzi byo gukora chip.
Nk’uko ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’Abanyamerika Techcet kibitangaza ngo amatara ya neon akomoka kandi akanonosorwa n’amasosiyete menshi yihariye yo muri Ukraine. Igihe Uburusiya bwateraga mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine mu 2014, igiciro cy’amatara ya neon cyazamutseho 600 ku ijana hafi nijoro, cyangiza inganda za semiconductor.
Yakomeje agira ati: "Turateganya ko amakimbirane ya geopolitike hamwe n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ibicuruzwa byose by’ibanze bikomeza kubaho igihe kirekire nyuma y’Uburusiya butera Ukraine.Uburusiya bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku masoko y'ibicuruzwa ku isi, kandi amakimbirane agenda agira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane izamuka ry'ibiciro, ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe n'isesengura rya JPMorgan, Natasha Kaneva.
Birashoboka ko imwe mu ngaruka ziteye impungenge z’intambara yo muri Ukraine ari ku ngano n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa. Amakimbirane aje mu gihe ibiciro by’ibiribwa bimaze kuba hejuru, ibisubizo by’umusaruro muke ku isi.
Umuyobozi wa Porogaramu ishinzwe umutekano ku biribwa ku isi, Caitlin Welsh, yagize ati:Vuga. Ingamba zo gutekereza muri Amerika Ingamba nubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga.
Nk’uko CSIS ibitangaza, mu bihugu 14 aho ingano ya Ukraine itumizwa mu mahanga, hafi kimwe cya kabiri kimaze guhura n’ibura ry’ibiribwa bikabije, harimo Libani na Yemeni. Ariko ingaruka ntizagarukira muri ibi bihugu gusa. Yavuze ko igitero cy’Uburusiya cyateje ibiciro by’ingufu kuri kuzamuka no guhura n’ikibazo “gutwara umutekano muke mu biribwa.”
Ndetse na mbere yuko Moscou yibasira Ukraine, amakimbirane ya politiki yaturutse mu Burayi yari amaze kwiyongera ku isoko ry’ibiribwa ku isi.Ibiciro by’ifumbire mvaruganda byazamutse cyane umwaka ushize nyuma y’uko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ufatiye ibihano ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu nyuma y’uko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi utangaje ko uhagarika ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga na Biyelorusiya. nk'Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya, n’ibicuruzwa binini byohereza ifumbire mvaruganda, kugirango birinde ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu.
Mu mezi ya nyuma ya 2021, ibura ry’ifumbire ryibasiye icyaro mu Buhinde - igihugu gishingiye ku kugura mu mahanga hafi 40% by’intungamubiri z’ibihingwa by’ibanze - bituma habaho imyigaragambyo ndetse n’amakimbirane n’abapolisi mu bice byo hagati n’amajyaruguru y’igihugu. Ganesh Nanote, umuhinzi muri Maharashtra, mu Buhinde, ibihingwa bye kuva ku ipamba kugeza ku binyampeke, afunzwe kugira ngo abone intungamubiri z’ibihingwa mbere y’igihe cy’ibihingwa.
Ati: "DAP [diammonium phosphate] na potas birahagije", akomeza avuga ko ibihingwa bye by'inkoko, igitoki ndetse n'ibitunguru byibitunguru byangiritse, nubwo yashoboye kubona intungamubiri zindi ku giciro cyo hejuru. "Kuzamuka kw'ifumbire bitera igihombo."
Abasesenguzi bateganya ko ibiciro bya fosifate bizakomeza kuba byinshi kugeza igihe Ubushinwa buzakuraho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka rwagati, mu gihe amakimbirane ashingiye kuri Biyelorusiya adashobora kugabanuka vuba aha. ”Biragoye kubona amafaranga [potash] agabanuka.” CRU.
Bamwe mu basesenguzi bemeza ko Uburusiya bugenda bwiyongera mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, amaherezo bishobora guteza ikibazo aho Moscou ifite uruhare runini ku isoko ry’ibinyampeke ku isi - cyane cyane iyo ifashe umwanya wa mbere muri Ukraine. Ubu Biyelorusiya ihujwe cyane n’Uburusiya, naho Moscou vuba aha yohereje ingabo zo gushyigikira guverinoma y’undi musaruro w’ingano, Kazakisitani. "Twashoboraga gutangira kubona ibiryo nkintwaro mu mukino runaka w’ingamba," ibi bikaba byavuzwe na David Labod, umunyeshuri mukuru mu kigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe politiki y’ibiribwa, ubuhinzi. politiki yo gutekereza.
Kubera ko hari impungenge z’uko impungenge zikomeje kwibandwaho n’ibicuruzwa biva mu bicuruzwa, guverinoma n’amasosiyete amwe n'amwe arimo gufata ingamba zo kugerageza kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no kubaka ibarura.Twabonye ibi kuva mugihe cya Covid.Buri wese amenya ko urwego rutanga isoko rukora mu bihe byiza ku isi, mu bihe bisanzwe ”, Lambert.
Urugero, Misiri yahunitse ingano kandi guverinoma ivuga ko ifite ibiribwa by’ibanze biva mu mahanga ndetse n’umusaruro uteganijwe mu Gushyingo. Minisitiri w’amasoko yavuze ko vuba aha ko amakimbirane hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine yatumye “igihugu kidashidikanywaho muri isoko ”kandi ko Misiri yagiye itandukanya kugura ingano kandi ikaganira ku kugura uruzitiro na banki z’ishoramari.
Niba ububiko ari igisubizo cyigihe gito kubibazo, igisubizo cyigihe kirekire gishobora gusubiramo imyaka icumi ishize kubutaka budasanzwe, amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa mubicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga buhanitse kuva kuri turbine yumuyaga kugeza kumodoka zamashanyarazi.
Ubushinwa bugenzura hafi bine bya gatanu by’umusaruro w’isi kandi bugabanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2010, bituma ibiciro bizamuka ndetse n’ubushake bwo kubyaza umusaruro ubutware bwabyo. ”Ikibazo cy’Ubushinwa ni uguhuza ingufu z’amashanyarazi bafite.Bagaragaje [ubushake] bwo gukoresha ubwo bushobozi kugira ngo bagere ku butegetsi bwa politiki, ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Bell wo mu nama ya Atlantike.
Kugira ngo bagabanye kwishingikiriza ku isi idasanzwe y'Ubushinwa, Amerika, Ubuyapani na Ositaraliya bamaze imyaka icumi bategura uburyo bwo guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya. Icyumweru gishize, Perezida Joe Biden yatangaje ko ubuyobozi buzashora miliyoni 35 z'amadolari mu bikoresho by'Abadepite, kuri ubu akaba ari Amerika yonyine isosiyete idasanzwe yo gucukura no gutunganya isi ikorera muri Californiya.
Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Amerika yateye inkunga imishinga myinshi, harimo n’umushinga munini wa Lynas i Kalgoorlie, mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya. Iyi Leta ibamo ibindi birombe byinshi bishya, kimwe muri byo kikaba gishyigikiwe na guverinoma ya Ositarariya.
Muri gahunda ishobora gutegurwa umushinga wa Yangibana mu burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya, wateguwe na Hastings Technology Metals, abakozi barimo kubaka umuhanda wa kaburimbo uzengurutse ihuriro rya Gascoyne, umusozi witaruye uri hafi y’ibirometero 25 mu burengerazuba bwumusozi wa Kanama., ikubye kabiri umusozi uzwi cyane Uluru, ahahoze hitwa Ayers Rock.
Abakozi ba mbere bari aho bari barimo gucukura imihanda no gucukura amabuye manini, bigatuma akazi kabo karushaho kuba ingorabahizi. ”Barinubira ko bateye umusozi wa Kanama,” nk'uko byatangajwe n'umuyobozi ushinzwe imari muri Hastings, Matthew Allen.Isosiyete yabonye inguzanyo ingana na miliyoni 140 z’amadorali y’inguzanyo ya leta ya Ositarariya yatewe inkunga na leta yo guteza imbere ikirombe cya Yangibana, mu rwego rw’umushinga mushya w’ingenzi. Ingamba za Mineral.
Hastings iteganya ko, nibimara gukoreshwa mu myaka ibiri, Yangibana izuzuza 8% by’isi yose ikenera neodymium na praseodymium, bibiri muri 17 by’amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe yo ku isi ndetse n’amabuye y'agaciro akenewe cyane. Abasesenguzi b'inganda bavuga ko imyaka ishobora gusunika iyo mibare kugeza kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy'ibicuruzwa bitangwa ku isi.
Kimwe ku ijana by'ubutaka budasanzwe ku isi bukorerwa mu Bushinwa.Ibi ni amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bikoresha tekinoroji kuva kuri turbine y'umuyaga kugeza ku modoka z'amashanyarazi. Amerika ndetse n'ibindi bihugu bigerageza guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwo gutanga ibikoresho
Mu Bwongereza, Sharkey ya Hovis yavuze ko yishingikirije ku mikoranire ye kuva kera kugira ngo abone ibikoresho. ”Ati:" Menya neza ko uri ku isonga ry'urutonde, aho niho hagaragara umubano mwiza w'abatanga ibicuruzwa mu myaka yashize. " Ugereranije n'imyaka mike ishize, ubu urimo ukorana n'inzego zitandukanye z'abatanga ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byacu bikomeze. ”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-29-2022