Ibyuma bidasanzwe, ni ukuvuga ibyuma bidasanzwe, nubwoko bwingenzi bwibyuma bikoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi zubukungu bwigihugu, nkimashini, imodoka, inganda za gisirikare, imiti, ibikoresho byo murugo, amato, ubwikorezi, gari ya moshi ninganda zigenda ziyongera.Ibyuma bidasanzwe nikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gupima niba igihugu gishobora guhinduka ingufu zicyuma.
Ibyuma-bigamije ibyuma byihariye bivuga ibindi bice bikora mubihe bidasanzwe kandi bifite ibisabwa byihariye kubicyuma, nkumubiri, imiti, ubukanishi nibindi bintu.
Ibyuma bidasanzwe byo gukora nabyo ni ubuziranenge bwihariye buvanze.Ibyo byuma bivuga ibyuma hamwe na electromagnetic, optique, acoustic, ubushyuhe na electrochemic ibikorwa nibikorwa.Bikunze gukoreshwa ni ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, ibyuma bya silikoni yamashanyarazi, ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byera hamwe nudukoryo twinshi (ibinini byoroshye bya magnetiki, nka magnetique, amavuta ya elastique, kwaguka kwaguka, ibishishwa byikubye kabiri, ibyuma birwanya ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya batiri byibanze, nibindi .)..
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda byitirirwa kwangirika kwangirika, kandi ibyingenzi byingenzi bivanga ni chromium na nikel.Chromium ifite imiti ihamye kandi irashobora gukora firime yuzuye kandi ikomeye yo kweza muburyo bwa okiside;hiyongereyeho, iyo chromium irenze 11.7%, ubushobozi bwa electrode yumusemburo irashobora kwiyongera kuburyo bugaragara, bityo bikarinda neza okiside yumuti.Nickel kandi ni umuhuza.Kwiyongera kwa nikel mubyuma bya chromium birashobora kunoza kwangirika kwangirika kwumuti mubitangazamakuru bitarimo okiside.Iyo ibirimo chromium na nikel bihoraho, hasi ya karubone mubyuma, nibyiza birwanya ruswa.
Kurwanya kwangirika kwibyuma bidafite ingese nabyo bifitanye isano nuburinganire bwimiterere ya matrix.Iyo hashyizweho igisubizo kimwe kivanze, igipimo cyo kwangirika kwicyuma muri electrolyte kirashobora kugabanuka neza.
Austenitike idafite ibyuma ni chromium-nikel ikurikirana ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe nuburyo bumwe bwa austenitis.Ifite ruswa irwanya ruswa, ubukonje buke, gutunganya ingufu hamwe no gusudira, ntabwo ari magnetique, kandi ikoreshwa cyane nkibyuma byo hasi yubushyuhe hamwe nicyuma gike gikora mubitangazamakuru byangirika.Ibyuma bidafite magnetiki;ibyuma bya ferritic bidafite ibyuma birimo chromium, bigenda bihinduka mugihe cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha, kandi ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane birwanya kwambara muri acide ya nitric n'inganda zifumbire ya azote;martensitike idafite ibyuma idafite karubone nyinshi kandi ikomeye.Imiterere ya martensitike irabonetse.Iki cyuma gifite ubukana bwiza nibirimo karuboni nkeya, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibice birwanya ingaruka bikora mubitangazamakuru byangirika;karubone ndende ikoreshwa mugukora amasoko, imiyoboro, ibyuma byo kubaga, nibindi.;ifite ibyiciro bibiri bivanze byimiterere ya austenite na ferrite.Ibyuma bidafite ingese ya matrix ni duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, bifite ibyiza byimbaraga nyinshi, gukomera kwiza, no kurwanya ruswa.Muri byo, 00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora inganda zoguhindura ubushyuhe hamwe na kondenseri mu gutunganya amavuta, ifumbire, impapuro, peteroli, imiti n’inganda, naho 0Cr26Ni5Mo2 ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho byangiza amazi yo mu nyanja;molybdenum, niobium, gurş, umuringa nibindi bintu mugice cyakomye bituma bakora Nyuma yo kuzimya no kuvura gusaza, ifite imbaraga nubukomezi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukora amasoko, gukaraba, inzogera, nibindi.
Ibyuma by'amashanyarazi, bizwi kandi nk'icyuma cya silicon, ni binini ya silicon-binary alloy hamwe na karubone iri munsi ya 0.05%.Ifite ibiranga gutakaza ibyuma bito, imbaraga zagahato, imbaraga za magnetique nyinshi hamwe nimbaraga za induction, kandi nikimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa na magnetiki byoroshye (kubikoresha igihe gito cyangwa bigasubirwamo).Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka kumikorere yicyuma cyamashanyarazi nibigize imiterere nimiterere.Silicon ifite uruhare runini kumiterere ya magnetiki yicyuma cyamashanyarazi.Iyo 3.0% Si yongewe kumyuma isukuye, imbaraga za magneti ziyongera inshuro 1,6-2, igihombo cya hystereze kigabanukaho 40%, kurwanya biriyongera inshuro 4 (bishobora kugabanya igihombo cya eddy), hamwe na hamwe gutakaza ibyuma biragabanuka.Kabiri, ariko gukomera nimbaraga nabyo byiyongereye kuburyo bugaragara.Mubisanzwe ibirimo silicon ntabwo irenga 4.5%, naho ubundi biragoye cyane kandi biragoye kuyitunganya.Kuba hari umwanda wangiza (N, C, S, O, nibindi) bizatera kugoreka ibyuma byicyuma, kongera imihangayiko, no kubangamira inzira ya magnetisiyonike, bityo ibirimo umwanda bigomba kugenzurwa cyane.
Ibyuma bya Silicon bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa byamashanyarazi nka moteri, transformateur, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibikoresho byamashanyarazi.Byinshi bizunguruka mumpapuro 0.3, 0.35, 0.5, harimo kuzunguruka bishyushye n'imbeho.ubukonje
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-31-2022